Loyal lists, distinctive districts: how dissent-shirking and leisure-shirking affect mixed-candidate selection

In parliamentary systems, party leaderships accomplish unity by promising positive incentives to their members of parliament (MP) and threatening them with negative incentives. Regarding reselection, ‘loyal’ active MPs should be rewarded list positions, while rebellious ‘slacking’ punished worse positions or even denied renomination. Although this assumption is central explaining induced discipline, empirical evidence for practice has been scarce. The study combines data on roll-call voting, speeches questions in the German Bundestag from 1990 2017 novel renominations including renomination failures. Investigating position changes failures mixed-member system, results indicate that selectorates candidates dissenting voting behaviour, district considered degree activity. findings have broader implications representatives’ accountability systems.